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Giải IELTS Cambridge 20 Writing Task 1: Beechwood Farm Maps

Cùng thầy cựu giám khảo IELTS Tony Giusti giải đề IELTS Cambridge 20 Writing Task 1: “The plans below show the site of a farm in 1950 and the same site today. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant”. Bài viết này sẽ phân tích chi tiết từ cách lập dàn bài đến phân tích từ vựng, ngữ pháp nâng cao và các tiêu chí đánh giá trong bài mẫu, giúp bạn dễ dàng áp dụng và tự tin đạt điểm cao chinh phục IELTS Writing Task 1 dạng Maps.

Đề bài

The plans below show the site of a farm in 1950 and the same site today.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Giải đề IELTS Writing Task 1: Beechwood Farm Maps

1. Kế hoạch triển khai: Mastering IELTS Writing Task 1 Maps

1. Initial Analysis Phase (3-4 minutes)

Step 1.1: Read the Task Prompt (30 seconds)

  • Identify the type of visual data (maps, diagrams, charts, etc.)
  • Note the time periods or comparison points
  • Underline key instruction words (summarise, compare, describe)

Step 1.2: Examine the Visual Data Structure (2-3 minutes)

  • For Maps: Identify compass directions, key landmarks, roads, boundaries
  • For Time Comparisons: Note what has remained the same vs. what has changed
  • Key Elements to Spot:
    • New additions (buildings, facilities, infrastructure)
    • Removed features
    • Relocated items
    • Size changes or expansions
    • Unchanged elements that serve as reference points

Step 1.3: Identify Contrasts and Key Features (30-60 seconds)

  • Major Changes: Complete transformations, new developments
  • Minor Changes: Relocations, size adjustments
  • Patterns: Urbanization, modernization, agricultural to commercial shifts
  • Unique Features: Distinctive landmarks, unusual layouts

2. Planning and Organization (2-3 minutes)

Step 2.1: Structure Selection

  • 3-Paragraph Structure: Introduction/Overview + 2 Body Paragraphs
  • 4-Paragraph Structure: Introduction + Overview + 2 Body Paragraphs

Step 2.2: Content Distribution

  • Body Paragraph 1: Focus on major additions/new developments
  • Body Paragraph 2: Focus on changes to existing features/removals
  • Alternative: Organize by geographical areas (north/south, left/right)

Step 2.3: Data Point Selection

  • Prioritize the most significant changes
  • Select 4-6 key points for detailed description
  • Choose specific reference points for spatial descriptions

3. Writing Phase (12-14 minutes)

Step 3.1: Introduction/Overview (3-4 minutes)

  • Paraphrase the prompt using synonyms
  • Provide a clear overview of the most striking changes
  • Avoid specific details or measurements

Step 3.2: Body Paragraph 1 (4-5 minutes)

  • Focus on one main theme or area
  • Use specific spatial references (northeast, adjacent to, opposite)
  • Include precise details and comparisons

Step 3.3: Body Paragraph 2 (4-5 minutes)

  • Cover remaining significant changes
  • Maintain logical flow and clear topic sentences
  • Use varied sentence structures and vocabulary

4. Review and Refinement (2-3 minutes)

  • Check word count (aim for 160-190 words)
  • Verify grammar and spelling
  • Ensure coherent flow between paragraphs
  • Confirm all major changes are covered

2. Giải đề IELTS Cambridge 20 Writing Task 1 Band 8.0+

The two maps illustrate the transformation of Beechwood Farm between 1950 and the present day, revealing significant changes in land use and infrastructure development. Overall, the site has undergone substantial modernization, transitioning from a purely agricultural setting to a diversified location that incorporates both traditional farming and modern recreational facilities, while certain core elements have remained largely unchanged.

Most notably, several new facilities have been strategically positioned across the site. A camping area, complete with multiple tents, has been established in the northeastern section, adjacent to a newly constructed car park. Furthermore, an array of solar panels has been installed in the far northeast corner, reflecting contemporary environmental consciousness. Perhaps most significantly, holiday cottages have been built in the southeastern area, where the original barn once stood, indicating a shift towards tourism and recreational activities.

Despite these additions, many original features have been preserved in their original locations. The farmhouse, fruit trees, soft fruits, and vegetable areas remain virtually unchanged, maintaining the site’s agricultural character. However, the barn has been relocated to a more central position, while the livestock area for sheep has been completely removed to accommodate the new camping facilities, demonstrating how traditional farming practices have been modified to integrate modern commercial opportunities.

(193 words- by teacher Tony G, former IELTS examiner)

2.1 Giải thích từ vựng và ngữ pháp nâng cao sử dụng trong bài mẫu band 8.0+

Cấu trúc ngữ pháp phức tạp được sử dụng

1. “transformation of”Cụm danh từ với giới từ, diễn tả sự thay đổi theo thời gian
👉 Ví dụ trong bài: “The two maps illustrate the transformation of Beechwood Farm between 1950 and the present day.”
➝ Nhấn mạnh sự thay đổi toàn diện của địa điểm theo giai đoạn.

2. “revealing significant changes in”Mệnh đề phân từ hiện tại (present participle clause) chỉ kết quả
👉 Ví dụ: “…between 1950 and the present day, revealing significant changes in land use and infrastructure development.”
➝ Giúp câu súc tích, tránh tách thành 2 câu rời.

3. “that incorporates”Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clause) bổ sung thông tin
👉 Ví dụ: “…transitioning from a purely agricultural setting to a diversified location that incorporates both traditional farming and modern recreational facilities.”
➝ Bổ sung chi tiết về tính chất của “location”.

4. “while certain core elements have remained”Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự tương phản (adverbial clause of contrast)
👉 Ví dụ: “…modern recreational facilities, while certain core elements have remained largely unchanged.”
➝ Tạo sự đối lập giữa cái thay đổi và cái giữ nguyên.

5. “Most notably”Trạng ngữ đảo ra đầu câu để nhấn mạnh (fronted adverbial)
👉 Ví dụ: Most notably, several new facilities have been strategically positioned across the site.”
➝ Tạo điểm nhấn cho ý chính.

6. “complete with”Cụm phân từ cung cấp thêm chi tiết (participial phrase)
👉 Ví dụ: “A camping area, complete with multiple tents, has been established in the northeastern section.”
➝ Làm rõ hơn về đặc điểm của “camping area”.

7. “has been established/installed/built”Cấu trúc bị động thì hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect passive)
👉 Ví dụ: “…has been established in the northeastern section” / “…an array of solar panels has been installed / “…holiday cottages have been built in the southeastern area.”
➝ Nhấn mạnh kết quả của sự thay đổi, không cần nêu ai thực hiện.

8. “where the original barn once stood”Mệnh đề quan hệ trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn (relative adverbial clause of place)
👉 Ví dụ: “…holiday cottages have been built in the southeastern area, where the original barn once stood.”
➝ Liên hệ vị trí hiện tại với quá khứ.

9. “indicating a shift towards”Mệnh đề phân từ hiện tại chỉ hệ quả (present participle clause)
👉 Ví dụ: “…where the original barn once stood, indicating a shift towards tourism and recreational activities.”
➝ Giải thích ý nghĩa của sự thay đổi.

10. “Despite these additions”Cụm giới từ thể hiện sự tương phản (prepositional phrase of contrast)
👉 Ví dụ: Despite these additions, many original features have been preserved…”
➝ Dẫn dắt sự đối lập giữa cái mới và cái cũ.

11. “demonstrating how”Mệnh đề phân từ hiện tại mở rộng ý giải thích (present participle clause of explanation)
👉 Ví dụ: “…the livestock area for sheep has been completely removed to accommodate the new camping facilities, demonstrating how traditional farming practices have been modified.”
➝ Thể hiện nguyên nhân – kết quả một cách tự nhiên.

Từ vựng nâng cao sử dụng trong bài mẫu band 8.0+

1. illustrate (C1 – verb)minh họa, cho thấy rõ
👉 Ví dụ trong bài: “The two maps illustrate the transformation of Beechwood Farm between 1950 and the present day.”
➝ Nghĩa: Cho thấy sự thay đổi của trang trại Beechwood theo thời gian.

2. diversified (C2 – adjective)đa dạng, được mở rộng thành nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau
👉 Ví dụ: “…transitioning from a purely agricultural setting to a diversified location that incorporates both traditional farming and modern recreational facilities.”
➝ Nghĩa: Chỉ ra sự chuyển đổi từ nông trại thuần túy sang khu vực đa chức năng.

3. strategically positioned (C1 – collocation)đặt một cách chiến lược, có tính toán kỹ lưỡng
👉 Ví dụ: Several new facilities have been strategically positioned across the site.”
➝ Nghĩa: Các cơ sở mới được bố trí hợp lý để tối ưu công năng.

4. adjacent to (C1 – prepositional phrase)kế bên, liền kề
👉 Ví dụ: “…a camping area … has been established in the northeastern section, adjacent to a newly constructed car park.”
➝ Nghĩa: Khu cắm trại được đặt ngay cạnh bãi đỗ xe mới xây.

5. Furthermore (C1 – linking adverb)hơn nữa, ngoài ra
👉 Ví dụ: Furthermore, an array of solar panels has been installed in the far northeast corner…
➝ Nghĩa: Thêm một ý bổ sung, nhấn mạnh sự thay đổi tiếp theo.

6. array (C1 – noun)một loạt, một dãy, một hệ thống được sắp xếp có trật tự
👉 Ví dụ: “…an array of solar panels has been installed in the far northeast corner.”
➝ Nghĩa: Một dãy tấm pin mặt trời được lắp đặt.

7. contemporary environmental consciousness (C2 – phrase)ý thức bảo vệ môi trường hiện đại
👉 Ví dụ: “…an array of solar panels has been installed … reflecting contemporary environmental consciousness.”
➝ Nghĩa: Việc lắp đặt pin mặt trời thể hiện nhận thức về môi trường ngày nay.

8. accommodate (C1 – verb)dành chỗ cho, thích nghi với, đáp ứng nhu cầu
👉 Ví dụ: “…the livestock area for sheep has been completely removed to accommodate the new camping facilities.”
➝ Nghĩa: Khu vực chăn nuôi bị bỏ đi để nhường chỗ cho khu cắm trại.

2.2 Phân tích tiêu chí chấm điểm bài mẫu band 8+

Task Achievement (TA): Band 8+

  • Covers all requirements of the task with clear overview of main trends
  • Presents accurate summary of changes between 1950 and today
  • Selects and reports main features appropriately with relevant comparisons
  • Shows clear progression from general overview to specific details

Lexical Resource (LR): Band 8+

  • Uses wide range of vocabulary naturally and flexibly (illustrate, diversified, array, contemporary)
  • Shows precise usage with sophisticated collocations (strategically positioned, environmental consciousness)
  • Demonstrates awareness of style and collocation (transformation of, shift towards)
  • Rare minor errors that do not impede communication

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA): Band 8+

  • Uses wide range of structures with flexibility and accuracy
  • Majority of sentences are error-free with complex structures
  • Demonstrates control of present perfect passive, relative clauses, participle phrases
  • Shows variety in sentence length and complexity

Coherence and Cohesion (CC): Band 8+

  • Sequences information logically with clear overall progression
  • Uses range of cohesive devices appropriately (Furthermore, Despite, However)
  • Shows clear central topic within each paragraph
  • Demonstrates flexible use of reference and substitution

3. Bài mẫu IELTS Cambridge 20 Writing Task 1 Band 6.0

The maps show Beechwood Farm in 1950 and today. They show many changes that happened over time. The farm has changed from only farming to having tourism things too, but some parts are still the same.

There are several new things on the farm now. A camping area was added in the north part with tents for people to stay. There is also a new parking area next to the camping. Solar panels were put in the northeast corner. The biggest change is that holiday cottages were built where the old barn was before. This shows the farm now focuses on tourism.

Some original parts of the farm stayed in the same place. The farmhouse, fruit trees, vegetables, and soft fruits are still there. However, the barn moved to the middle area. The sheep area was removed completely to make space for the camping area. The chickens area is still there but it looks smaller. These changes show how the farm kept some old features but added new ones for visitors and tourists.

(162 words- by teacher Tony G, former IELTS examiner)

Phân tích tiêu chí chấm điểm bài mẫu band 6.0

Task Achievement (TA): Band 6.0

  • Addresses requirements of the task with adequate coverage of main features
  • Presents overview but lacks sophisticated analysis of key trends
  • Includes relevant information but with limited comparison and contrast
  • Some details may lack precision or full development

Lexical Resource (LR): Band 6.0

  • Uses adequate range of vocabulary for the task
  • Shows some awareness of style and collocation but limited flexibility
  • Some errors in word choice but meaning is generally clear
  • Attempts some less common vocabulary with mixed success

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA): Band 6.0

  • Uses mix of simple and complex sentence forms
  • Shows good control of grammar with some errors that don’t impede communication
  • Limited range of complex structures compared to Band 8+
  • Some accuracy issues but meaning remains clear

Coherence and Cohesion (CC): Band 6.0

  • Arranges information coherently with clear overall progression
  • Uses basic cohesive devices effectively (however, also, but)
  • Shows adequate paragraphing with clear central topics
  • Some mechanical use of reference and linking devices

4. Phân tích so sánh giữa bài mẫu band  8.0+ và band 6.0

Criterion Band 8+ Features Band 6.0 Features Key Differences
Task Achievement • Sophisticated overview with clear trends

• Precise selection of main features

• Effective comparisons throughout

• Basic overview covering main points

• Adequate feature selection

• Limited comparative analysis

Band 8+ shows analytical depth; Band 6.0 more descriptive
Lexical Resource • “illustrate,” “diversified,” “array,” “strategically positioned”

• “contemporary environmental consciousness”

• “show,” “added,” “changed,” “next to,” “in the north part” • Simple descriptive language Band 8+ uses sophisticated vocabulary; Band 6.0 relies on basic terms
Grammar Range • Present perfect passive voice

• Complex relative clauses

• Varied sentence structures

• Participial phrases

• Simple past tense

• Basic sentence structures

• Limited complex grammar

• Straightforward constructions

Band 8+ demonstrates complex structures; Band 6.0 uses simpler grammar
Coherence & Cohesion • “Furthermore,” “Despite,” “However”

• Sophisticated linking

• Seamless paragraph flow

• “However,” “also,” “but”

• Basic linking devices

• Clear but simple organization

Band 8+ shows flexible cohesion; Band 6.0 uses mechanical linking

Tạm kết

Hy vọng qua phân tích chi tiết giải IELTS Cambridge 20 Writing dạng Maps trên sẽ giúp chúng ta thấy rõ sự khác biệt giữa band 6.0 và 8.0+ không chỉ nằm ở từ vựng mà còn ở cách tổ chức ý tưởng, sử dụng cấu trúc ngữ pháp phức tạp và giọng văn học thuật. Nếu bạn muốn được hướng dẫn chi tiết và chấm chữa 1:1 bởi cựu giám khảo IELTS, hãy tham gia các khóa học tại KTDC IELTS. Với phương pháp KTDC Total Immersion độc quyền, bạn có thể rút ngắn 40% thời gian học và nhanh chóng đạt target band.

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